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陳思翰 攝護腺體積如何影響「對流式水蒸氣熱療法」對下泌尿道症狀/良性攝護腺增生的改善效果 2025/4/24 下午 12:02:23 0
原 文 題  目 Prostate Size and Its Effect on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Improvement After Convective Water Vapor Thermal Therapy4.
作  者 Owen Lewer, Michael D. Felice, Olivia Copelan, Sarang Janakiraman, Gaurav Pahouja, Amy Wozniak, and Kevin T. McVary
出  處 Journal of Urology
出版日期 March 2025
評 論

本研究旨在探討攝護腺體積(Prostate Volume, PV)大小,對於因良性攝護腺增生(Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, BPH)引起的下泌尿道症狀(Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, LUTS)患者,在接受「對流式水蒸氣熱療法」(Convective Water Vapor Thermal Therapy, CWVTT,商品名Rezum)後的症狀改善程度與速度所扮演的角色。對流式水蒸氣熱療法是一種微創手術,已被證實對於攝護腺體積介於30至80毫升(cc)的男性患者,能顯著且持久地改善下泌尿道症狀,且僅伴隨極低的性功能障礙風險。然而,對於體積超出此範圍,特別是體積大於80毫升的攝護腺,其治療效果尚未被完整描述,使得臨床醫師在面對這類患者時缺乏充分的決策依據。

研究團隊透過回顧性分析一家三級醫療中心自2018年至2022年間接受此療法的171位患者數據。他們根據術前測量的攝護腺體積,將患者均分為三個組別:小體積組(≤38.5毫升,n=56)、中體積組(38.5至≤55.6毫升,n=54)及大體積組(>55.6毫升,n=61)。主要觀察指標為術後三個月相較於術前的「國際攝護腺症狀評分」(International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS)變化。次要觀察指標則包含達到「最小臨床重要差異」(即IPSS分數下降至少25%)所需的時間。

研究結果明確顯示,不論攝護腺體積大小如何,所有三個組別的患者在術後三個月的國際攝護腺症狀評分均呈現統計學上極為顯著的改善(P < 0.001)。具體而言,小、中、大體積組的IPSS平均分數分別下降了7.51分、10.12分與11.72分。這強烈證實了對流式水蒸氣熱療法對於本研究所涵蓋的攝護腺體積範圍(從15毫升至109毫升)均具有實質的臨床效益。

在症狀改善的速度方面,研究發現達到IPSS分數下降25%的中位時間,小、中、大體積組分別為16.1個月、12.3個月與13.8個月。值得注意的是,在多變量分析中,相較於小體積組,中體積組患者達到此改善目標的發生率顯著高出兩倍以上(風險比 HR=2.10, P=0.011),而大體積組亦呈現出較快改善的趨勢(HR=1.60, P=0.100),儘管未達統計顯著性。這暗示著攝護腺體積中等或較大的患者,其下泌尿道症狀的緩解速度可能比體積較小的患者來得更快。

此外,本研究還發現一個重要的獨立影響因子:糖尿病。多變量分析結果顯示,合併患有糖尿病的患者,其術後三個月的國際攝護腺症狀評分改善程度相對較差(平均分數高出3.67分,P=0.037)。這是首次在微創手術治療領域報告糖尿病可能對術後症狀改善產生負面影響,提示未來需更深入研究其背後機制,並可能影響術前患者篩選與預後評估。

儘管本研究提供了寶貴的臨床資訊,但仍需注意其限制。首先,回溯性研究設計本身缺乏對照組,可能存在選擇性偏差。其次,雖然研究將患者分為三組,但真正體積非常巨大(>80毫升)的患者案例數相對有限(n=24),且有相當比例的患者因數據不全被排除於部分分析之外。追蹤時間點的非標準化也可能影響結果的精確度。

總結而言,這項研究有力地證明了對流式水蒸氣熱療法對於廣泛攝護腺體積範圍的下泌尿道症狀/良性攝護腺增生患者均能帶來顯著且持久的症狀改善。所有體積組別都能從治療中獲益,但中等及較大體積的攝護腺可能比較小體積者更快地經歷症狀緩解。此研究結果為臨床醫師提供了更清晰的證據,有助於他們為攝護腺體積較大的患者提供治療建議,並讓患者對自身的術後恢復有更準確的預期。同時,研究也點出了糖尿病作為一個可能影響療效的因素,值得未來進一步的關注與探討。

abstract

Purpose:
Lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) affects quality of life. Convective water vapor thermal therapy (CWVTT—Rezum) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment for LUTS/BPH which produces significant improvement of LUTS in men with prostates between 30 cc and 80 cc with minimal de novo sexual dysfunction. However, outcomes across the prostate volume (PV) spectrum are incompletely described. We aim to elucidate the relationship between PV and outcomes post-CWVTT in men with LUTS/BPH.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing CWVTT at a tertiary care center were included. The primary outcome was change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) pre-CWVTT compared with post-CWVTT between PV tertiles—small (≤38.5 cc), medium (38.5 to ≤55.6 cc), and large (>55.6 cc). Secondary outcome was time to a minimally clinically important difference of 25% decrease in IPSS.

Results:
One hundred seventy-one patients were divided into small (n = 56), medium (n = 54), and large (n = 61) PV tertiles. The change in IPSS preoperatively to 3 months was significant for all tertiles with mean difference of (−7.51 [−10.14 to −4.83]), (−10.12 [−12.71 to −7.53]), and (−11.72 [−14.14 to −9.29]) for small, medium, and large PV, respectively (P = <.001). In multivariable analysis, having diabetes was associated with increased IPSS after 3 months with average increase (95% CI) of (3.67 [0.23-7.11], P = .037) compared with not having diabetes. The median time (Q1, Q3) to −25% in IPSS for small, medium, and large PV was 16.1 (12.1, 17.5), 12.3 (7.1, 15.7), and 13.8 (10.8, 16.3) months, respectively. In multivariable analysis, medium PV had significantly increased incidence of 25% decrease compared with small PV (HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.19-3.72], P = .011).

Conclusions:
CWVTT results in significant and durable LUTS improvement across the PV spectrum. All PVs experience the same improvement in LUTS post-CWVTT. However, medium and large glands may improve more quickly than small glands.

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