膀胱過動症的主要症狀為急尿，頻尿及夜尿，也可能同時伴隨尿失禁的發生。盛行率隨著年紀增長而上升，40歲以上的族群約有17%的盛行，男女比例差不多，但尿失禁較容易出現在成年女性。

年齡，肥胖，認知障礙，代謝症候群，攝護腺增生，以及神經障礙都可能是膀胱過動的危險因子。除了影響人們的生活品質，更可能引發情緒壓力，憂鬱，焦慮，甚至睡眠失調。當膀胱過動症合併焦慮時症狀將會更為嚴重，甚至社交萎縮。

維他命D和肌肉骨骼的疼痛及無力有關，維他命D及飲食鈣的缺失也被發現和一些情緒症狀相關。而越來越多的證據指向維他命D的不足也與下泌尿道症狀相關。先前的研究也有提到膀胱過動的症狀評估指數較高的病人，似乎有較低的維他命D，這可能和維他命D參與肌肉細胞的生長運動作有關，但是否和膀胱過動症相關的情緒壓力及低生活品質有連帶的關係，目前仍未明瞭？不過，在未來或許維他命D可以用來預測膀胱過動症發生。

缺乏維他命D可能出現肌肉骨骼的疼痛或無力。研究發現維他命D及日常飲食鈣的攝取不足，在肌肉骨骼疼痛的人身上更容易產生情緒上的症狀，這些包括：壓力，焦慮，憂鬱…等等。而適度的維他命D補充似乎可以改善這些狀況。本篇文章認為：適量的補充維他命D及日常飲食鈣可以減緩膀胱過動症相關之下泌尿道症狀及情緒壓力，這可能和維他命D的抗發炎反應以及維他命D在泌尿上皮細胞和膀胱逼尿肌的相關生理作用機制有關。

Introduction:
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent syndrome that is associated with multiple urinary tract symptoms and could affect the patient’s quality of life and well‐being. Vitamin D is shown to be linked to OAB syndrome, which exacerbated by stress conditions. This study evaluated the relationship between vitamin D status, daily calcium intake and OAB, and the associated psychological symptoms.

Methods:
The study included 55 patients with OAB and 129 healthy controls. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum vitamin D was measured. Patients with OAB with low vitamin D level received orally vitamin D supplementation. Urinary symptoms, psychological symptoms, and quality of life were evaluated before and after vitamin D supplementation plus dairy products.

Results:
Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in cases (80%) vs controls (34.9%). Depression (43.7% vs 20.2%) and anxiety (52.8% vs 10.9%) scores (HADS, ≥8) were also more frequent in cases vs controls, respectively. Some 85.5% of the patients’ group had musculoskeletal pain vs 0.0% for the control. Depression was negatively correlated with daily calcium intake and positively with anxiety. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, vitamin D, and anxiety scores were significant predictors of OAB. Vitamin D supplements with increased calcium intake had significant improvement in urinary symptoms, psychological distress, and quality of life.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D supplements and improved calcium intake may improve urinary and psychological symptoms and quality of life among patients with OAB syndrome. Assessment for vitamin D status in patients with OAB may be warranted