夜尿是個非常常見且不分男女的問題。根據定義在睡眠期間因解尿而中斷睡眠一次以上即是夜尿，而臨床上兩次以上的夜尿則認為對健康會造成影響。夜尿發生的原因非常多，可能是身體隱藏其它系統性疾病造成。在過去許多研究皆發現，高血壓會增加夜尿的風險。但是從前並不知道什麼特性的高血壓病人會有較高的夜尿風險。

因此這篇研究統合了過去25篇相關研究、共計18萬人的夜尿族群，來分析較容易產生夜尿的是哪一種高血壓病人~

結果發現有高血壓病人會比一般人有1.25倍的夜尿風險。而且夜尿次數越多和高血壓的相關性就會越大。在這些高血壓病人中，不同的「性別」和「種族」也會有不同風險。「女性、白人、及亞洲人」會有更高的風險產生夜尿問題。

然而在這個研究也發現「年紀及肥胖」，這兩個明顯會造成高血壓的因子，卻不會增加夜尿的風險~ 另外高血壓病人常服用「利尿劑」，也不會增加夜尿風險!

綜合上述結果我們可以有個結論：當遇到夜尿的病人(特別是白人或亞洲女性)，我們必須注意是否隱藏有高血壓，需要提早診斷及治療。反過來說，當高血壓病人出現夜尿時，不需立即停用利尿劑(因為大部分和利尿劑可能無關)，而須先排除其它原因!

Purpose: The association between nocturia and hypertension has been widely reported, yet remains poorly characterized, precluding a more refined understanding of blood pressure as it relates to the clinical urology setting. We synthesized current evidence on the relationship between nocturia and hypertension as a function of nocturia severity, age, sex, race, BMI, and diuretic use.

Materials and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies published up to May 2020. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to identify pooled odds ratios (ORs) for nocturia given the presence of hypertension. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify differences across study samples.

Results: Of 1193 identified studies, 25 met the criteria for inclusion. The overall pooled OR for the association of nocturia with hypertension was 1.25 (95% CI 1.21-1.28, p <0.001). Pooled estimates were 1.20 (1.16-1.25, p <0.001) and 1.30 (1.25-1.36, p <0.001) using a 1- and 2-void cutoff for nocturia, respectively (p <0.001 between cutoffs). The association was more robust in patient-based (1.74 [1.54-1.98], p <0.001) versus community-based (1.24 [1.24-1.29], p <0.001) study samples (p <0.001). The association was stronger in females compared to males (1.45 [1.32-1.58] vs. 1.28 [1.22-1.35], p <0.001), and African-American (1.56 [1.25-1.94]) and Asian (1.28 [1.23-1.33]) versus Caucasian subgroups (1.16 [1.08-1.24]) (p <0.05 for both). No effect was observed for age or BMI. Evidence on diuretics was limited.

Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with a 1.2-1.3-fold higher risk of nocturia. This association is more robust at a higher nocturia cutoff, in patient-based study samples, amongst females, and in African-Americans and Asians, but unrelated to age or BMI.