佩洛尼爾氏症為陰莖局部白膜纖維化所致，會引發陰莖變形與勃起功能障礙。

本研究目標是尋找慢性攝護腺炎和佩洛尼爾氏症的關聯性。共蒐集539位佩洛尼爾氏症患者的資料，其中200位潛在有慢性攝護腺炎。另蒐集2201位沒有佩洛尼爾氏症的患者，其中384位患有慢性攝護腺炎。本研究中，所有佩洛尼爾氏症的患者都接受陰莖形狀變異的紀錄，並接受陰莖血流都卜勒超音波檢查、焦慮問卷分析、勃起功能量表。

在佩洛尼爾氏症患者中，37.1%同時患有慢性攝護腺炎；而在非佩洛尼爾氏患者中，只有17.4%有此問題。慢性攝護腺炎症狀顯著影響勃起功能。且同時有佩洛尼爾氏症和慢性攝護腺炎的患者，焦慮程度更高。

Objective: This study aims to investigate a possible relationship between chronic prostatitis (CP) and Peyronie's disease (PD) and to characterize the psychological profile of patients suffering from PD, with or without concomitant CP.

Methods: We included 539 patients with PD, of which 200 were found to have underlying CP. As a comparator population, we selected 2201 patients without PD, referring to our tertiary care clinic. In this population, we detected 384 subjects with CP. All 539 PD patients underwent photographic documentation of the penile deformation, and dynamic penile eco-color Doppler with plaque and volume measurements and answered the following questionnaires: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Visual Analog Scale for penile pain measurements, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index.

Results: The overall prevalence of chronic prostatitis in PD patients was 37.1% compared to a prevalence of 17.4% in the non-PD control population (OR = 2.79 and p < 0.0001). The severity of CP symptom total scores (NIH-CPSI) correlated significantly with the severity of erectile dysfunction (p < 0.0001). Significant anxiety was present in 89.2% of PD patients and it is more prevalent in PD patients with CP than in PD patients without CP (93.0% vs. 87.0%, respectively; p = 0.0434). Significant depression was detected in 57.1% of PD patients and it is more prevalent in PD patients with CP than in PD patients without CP (64.0% vs. 53.09%, respectively; p = 0.0173).

Conclusion: Chronic prostatitis (CP) and Peyronie's disease (PD) are frequently associated. Our results demonstrate the strong impact of chronic prostatitis on the mental status of PD patients. Anxiety and depression were significantly more pronounced in PD patients with CP than in PD patients without CP.