膀胱過動症候群（OAB）影響10-15%的女性，嚴重影響她們的生活品質。目前來說，OAB第一線治療包括行為和物理治療，第二線治療包括藥物，例如陰道雌激素、抗膽鹼藥物和ß3-腎上腺素受體促效劑，而這類藥物可能產生不良副作用，包括頭暈、便秘和譫妄，對於老年人口影響更為明顯。第三線治療包括較具侵入性的方法，如膀胱內注射肉毒桿菌素或薦椎神經刺激(SNM)，而經皮脛神經刺激（PTNS）則是一種潛在的替代治療方法。

本研究的目的是探討在澳大利亞人群中，PTNS治療膀胱過動症（OAB）的長期療效。

這是一項前瞻性的群體研究。治療分成兩階段，第一階段治療受試者每週接受一次、為期12週的PTNS治療。而在第一階段之後，進入第二階段，接受為期6個月的12次PTNS治療。治療的反應使用ICIQ-OAB和澳大利亞骨盆底問卷（APFQ）做評估。

研究結果顯示，第一階段包括166名女性，而其中51名完成了第二階段。與對照組相比，尿急（29.8％）、夜尿（29.8％）、尿失禁（31.0％）和排尿頻率（33.8％）均呈現統計學上顯著的減少。而完成第二階段的患者顯示尤其在頻尿（56.5％）方面有統計學上顯著的減少。

總體而言，這項研究的結果是正向支持了PTNS作為治療OAB的微創、非手術、非荷爾蒙且有效的方法。這些結果表明，對於對保守治療反應不佳或希望避免手術方法的OAB患者，PTNS可作為一種適用於第二線治療的方法。

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome affects 10-15% of women, severely impacting their quality of life. First-line treatments include behavioural and physical therapy, and second-line medical treatments include medications such as vaginal oestrogen, anticholinergic medications, and ß3-adrenergic agonists-with potential adverse side effects including dizziness, constipation, and delirium, particularly affecting elderly populations. Third-line treatments include more invasive measures, including intradetrusor botulinum injections or sacral nerve modulation, with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) being a potential alternative treatment.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the long-term efficacy of PTNS treatment for OAB in an Australian cohort.

Materials and methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Patients underwent Phase 1 treatment, whereby women received PTNS treatment once per week for 12 weeks. Following Phase 1, women entered Phase 2, whereby they received 12 PTNS treatments over 6 months. Their response to treatment was measured by obtaining data before and after each phase using ICIQ-OAB and the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ).

Results: Phase 1 included 166 women, with 51 completing Phase 2. There was a statistically significant reduction in urinary urgency (29.8%), nocturia (29.8%), incontinence (31.0%), and frequency (33.8%) compared to the baseline. Patients who completed Phase 2 also showed a statistically significant reduction in urinary frequency (56.5%).

Conclusions: Overall, the results from this study are positive and support that PTNS is a minimally invasive, non-surgical, non-hormonal, and effective treatment for OAB. These results suggest that PTNS may be a second-line treatment for patients with OAB not responding to conservative management or for patients aiming to avoid surgical approaches.