雖然行為治療在OAB上已經行之有年並且寫入治療準則中，然而在多種不同的行為治療合併的治療效果上，目前仍然缺乏足夠的研究確立其結果。本研究比較OAB女性接受多重行為治療與對照組間生活品質（HRQOL）的的差異性。一共有79名患者被隨機分配到治療組或對照組中。結果顯示在13周的治療後，治療組的生活品質較原先增加了23.9分; 而對照組僅增加11.3分 (P< 0.001)。此外，治療組在排尿頻率和急尿感方面也較對照組好。總體來說，在這項隨機對照試驗中，多重行為治療可以改善了中度至重度OAB女性的生活品質，對患者來說確實有幫助。

Importance
Although the cognitive components of behavioral therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) are widely recognized, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions that include cognitive components as a treatment for OAB.

Objective
To examine the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention in improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for women with moderate to severe OAB.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted in Japan among women aged 20 to 80 years who had moderate to severe OAB. Participants were recruited from 4 institutions between January 16, 2020, and December 31, 2022, through self-referral via advertisement or referral from the participating institutions.

Interventions
Participants were randomized 1:1 by minimization algorithm using an internet-based central cloud system to four 30-minute weekly sessions of a multicomponent intervention or waiting list. Both groups continued to receive baseline treatment throughout the study period.

Main Outcomes and Measures
The primary outcome was the least-squares mean changes from baseline through week 13 in HRQOL total scores of the OAB questionnaire between 2 groups. Secondary outcomes included OAB symptom score and frequency volume chart.

Results
A total of 79 women were randomized to either the intervention group (39 participants; mean [SD] age, 63.5 [14.6] years) or the waiting list control group (40 participants; mean [SD] age, 63.5 [12.9] years). One participant from each group dropped out from the allocated intervention, while 5 participants in the intervention group and 2 in the control group dropped out from the primary outcome assessment at week 13. Thirty-six participants (92.3%) in the intervention group and 35 (87.5%) in the control group had moderate OAB. The change in HRQOL total score from baseline to week 13 was 23.9 points (95% CI, 18.4-29.5 points) in the intervention group and 11.3 points (95% CI, 6.2-16.4 points) in the waiting list group, a significant difference of 12.6 points (95% CI, 6.6-18.6 points; P < .001). Similar superiority of the intervention was confirmed for frequency of micturition and urgency but not for OAB symptom score. Conclusions and Relevance These findings demonstrate that a multicomponent intervention improves HRQOL for women with moderate to severe OAB and suggest that the cognitive component may be an effective treatment option for women with OAB.